Ask any runner what injuries they dread the most and Achilles pain will be one of them. If you have had this problem, you know the feeling all too well, a mild ache in the back of the leg or above the heel during or after running. It starts as nagging pain, if you are really lucky it will go away, however the reality is it will happen each time you run and if not dealt with will stop you running.
So what is an Achilles injury, why are Achilles injuries a little different to some other running injuries, how do you know its an injury, and what are some of the things you need to do to get rid of it. I’ve included 5 steps, this is not a complete list, its not that easy. But from my experience these will help get you back on track running!
What is an Achilles injury?
This is a blog in its own right. However, in short the Achilles tendon is the large tendon connecting the two major calf muscles, the gastrocnemius
and soleus, to the back of the heel bone. Under too much stress, the tendon tightens and is forced to work too hard. This causes irritation or inflammation, also known as Achilles tendinitis.
Tendonitis the Achilles heel of runners...
There are 2 main types of tendonitis. Non-insertional Achilles tendonitis: small tears in the middle fibres of your tendon start to break it down causing pain and swelling. Insertional Achilles tendonitis: this damage occurs in the spot where your tendon meets your heel bone.
Why is Achilles pain different? – Muscles vs Tendons
Muscles:
- Have a great blood supply, so aches and injuries left alone can fully heal in 6-12 weeks depending on the severity of the strain.
- Heal by bridging the separation with scar tissue which does not have a contractile element and is not as stretchy as the muscle.
- So it is massively important to introduce exercises and stretches to the muscle to optimise recovery.
Tendons: - Differ from muscles because they are mainly made up of collagen and elastin; this means they cannot contract themselves, but they are incredibly strong and stiff. They also have a much smaller blood supply, reducing their metabolism.
- Due to the composition of tendons they react differently and unlike muscle injuries stretching doesn’t help recovery in the same way (see step 2 later)
- With Achilles pain you don’t always feel the pain when your running, you might feel it initially but then it goes away. Its only later that you feel the pain. Often 24hrs later or in the morning when you wake up.
Do I have an injury problem or not?
We all get niggles and running will hurt a little at times. It’s just knowing when somethings just part of the course or if we have a real injury. The problem for runners is we are good at ignoring pain and we keep going. We also love running, we don’t want to stop something that makes us feel good.
The runners 5 stages of coping with injury!
All runners pretty much follow the below injury grieving cycle when we have an injury. The quicker we get to Acceptance the quicker we can deal with the injury and get back running.
1. Denial:
its not really happening to me or Avoidance, bit of ice, I wear my compression socks, change my trainers, that will make it go away..
2. Anger:
WHY ME! I warmed up did my stretches, it’s not fair!
3. Bargaining:
If only, what if…maybe I need to do something to make this go away?
4. Depression:
Emptiness, I’ll never run again…
5. Acceptance:
Life’s not fair, these things happen, I need to deal with this, I can find a solution
5 Steps to get Running again
So you have got to acceptance? the following will help you get back on track:
1. Get a good physio
By all means do some research. But don’t base how you are going to handle your Achilles pain on watching YouTube videos. You need expertise to identify specifically what type of Achilles injury i.e. mid or insertion, which will determine the treatment and ultimately how quickly you recover.
2. Don’t Stretch or foam roll your calf!
Stretching or foam rolling your calves is great for the prevention for Achilles problems but it’s not the solution once an injury has occurred. Despite what some YouTube videos might say, you don't want to stretch an Achilles tendon injury! No matter what form of tendinopathy you may be experiencing, stretching should not be a part of your rehabilitation program.
Achilles tendinopathy injuries occur due to high levels of compressive load to the tendon against the calcaneus bone. As already mentioned, stretching your calf muscles will only serve to add more compression (and lead to more pain) on the already injured area.
3. Stop Running!
Over time, the injured tendon becomes weaker which makes it increasingly vulnerable. If the inflamed Achilles continues to be stressed i.e. you keep running and ignore the pain, it can tear or rupture. So if you have an Achilles injury stop running! and don’t start running again until you can do toe raises without pain. Your only make it worse or risk a painful rupture which will lead to even more time out from running!
While your healing, cycling, swimming, walking are all good activities to fill the void of not running and maintain a good level of fitness for when you return.
4. Strength Training
Strengthening the calf muscles using strength exercises which apply load to the calf muscle. Again be guided by your physio, the strength program must be tailored to your pain, past injuries and training history.
But don't stop once your back running, make strength training part of your training program, to reduce the risk of the problem returning.
5. Manage the Load
Achilles pain is due to one simple mechanism, overload. The pain you’re experiencing started because you placed too much load on your Achilles tendon and surpassed its current “load tolerance” level. This overload may have occurred for example due to increasing mileage too quickly, or simply over training.
However, you don’t want to completely rest a tendon, exercise is the best treatment for any type of tendon pain. You must strengthen the tendon as above and improve its ability tolerate load.
Load management is therefore most important factor in recovering from a tendon injury. This is a difficult balancing act and a reason why so many people develop chronic tendon injuries.
Conclusion
With the help and guidance of a good physio, if you stop running, manage the load, apply load to the calf muscle by strength training, your be back running pain free again. Your also be a lot wiser for it as well.
My lessons learnt from experiencing injury, is to focus on prevention. You can never eliminate the risk of injuries from running. There is no silver bullet, however one fundamental prevention for all injuries and specifically for Achilles injuries is to strengthen the muscles in your calves and feet.
The stronger the muscles, the less the loading force is on the tendon.
If you want to start incorporating Strength Training into your running training, you need a training plan and some expert guidance, contact
me for a free consultation.
Reference
1. Kübler-Ross E. On Death and Dying (Routledge, 1969).
2. Cook JL, Purdam C. Is compressive load a factor in the development of tendinopathy? Br J Sports Med. 2011;1-6
3. Malliaras P, Cook J, Purdam C, Rio E. Patellar tendinopathy: clinical diagnosis, load management, and advice for challenging case presentations. J ORthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015;45(11):887-98