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Its not just about the Cardio, why we also need Strength Training

MATTHEW ALLEWAY • January 19, 2021
Introduction
We often associate fitness with aerobic exercise, which can be in the form of running, walking, cycling, and swimming, or anything that gets your heart pumping and you breathing faster. There is no doubt this is an essential component of any exercise programme, and its recommended that we include 150 minutes of aerobic activity each week. 

However new guidance issued by chief medical officers in both the US and the UK places an increased emphasis on the importance of building strength and balance for adults. Since 2011 UK exercise guidelines have stated that all adults should also include muscle strengthening activities two days a week. There has also been increasing media coverage on strength training, so why do we need to include strength training, what are the benefits, and how do we get them?

What is Strength Training and why do we need it?
Strength training is a system of physical conditioning in which muscles are exercised when you lift or pull against resistance and can take the form of body weight, free weights, machine resistance, and resistance bands. It should not just be considered the domain of bodybuilders and young men wanting to ‘get big or ripped’. Instead it’s already an essential element for athletes and increasingly for individuals who aren’t all trying to look like Arnie!. 

Age related muscle loss happens to everyone. Around the age of 30, we start to lose up to 5 per cent of our muscle mass each decade, and this accelerates at 70. Our muscles stop using protein as efficiently and are less able to repair themselves. Bones also degrade as we age, losing mass and making us more prone to fractures. This is a major reason why older people lose their ability to carry out daily tasks and succumb to falls.

However, the good news is it is possible to slow both muscle wastage and maintain healthy bones from regular strength training. Strengthing muscles halts the decline, and by placing stress on the bones helps to inhibit the breaking down of bones and at the same time triggering bone growth, helping us to maintain and even build denser bones. Therefore, regular strength-based exercise will help delay the natural decline in muscle mass and bone density not just for people in their later years but throughout life.

What are the Benefits of Strength Training?
The benefits of strong muscles is nothing new, Socrates told his disciples that it was a disgrace to grow old without developing their physical strength to the highest limit. But it is only recently that we have come to appreciate just what having strong muscles can do for our health. So in addition to the benefits of fighting muscle wastage and keeping our bones strong throughout life, strength training can also:

1. Reduce the risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Muscle plays an important role in regulating the body’s glucose levels. With the help of insulin, it soaks up the glucose from the blood and stores it in the form of glycogen. Bigger muscles mean a bigger sink for glucose and higher number of cells that transport and clear glucose from the body, which all helps ward off type 2 diabetes, when blood glucose levels become too high.
2. Better survival rates of cancer: this link is probably because cancer decreases muscle mass so having bigger muscles to start with to keep the body going for longer.
3. Healthy weight maintenance: As well as aerobic exercise, a surprising benefit is that strength training also burns calories, even after exercise. As weight training increases your basal metabolic rate - the amount of energy your body consumes when at rest. First bigger muscles require more energy to fuel tissue maintenance, and secondly the tiny tears caused by lifting weight, require energy to remodel. All helping to decrease body fat. 
4. Reduces the risk of heart attacks and strokes: Lower body fat contributes to both lower cholesterol and blood pressure resulting in a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. So getting stronger protects you from heart attacks, and studies have proved by up to 70%. 
5. Improves sports performance, for example: 
   Running: it’s not just essential for ultra-running but will also help smash your park run PBs!
   Cyclist’s: Strong quads to help tackle those killer hills!
6. Injury prevention: Keeping your muscles strong can help prevent a host of injuries. When you work to improve the strength of your muscles, you’re helping ensure that your body is prepared to work a bit harder for those unexpected times when you're placed in an awkward position. Whether you're out running or doing some heavy lifting around the house, stronger muscles will help to keep you injury-free.
7. Improved posture: Lifting weights strengthens your back, shoulder, and core muscles, which are all crucial to standing with proper posture and preventing lower back pain. Especially relevant as we can spend so much of our time each day seated.
8. Healthier brain: Strength training triggers the release of several brain chemicals that support the health of neurons helping them to communicate and grow. 
9. You look good! Speaking as a man, haven’t we all looked admiringly at ourselves in the mirror at some point and flexed our muscles! and fished (in my case unsuccessfully!) for compliments from our wife.
10. You feel good! Most importantly for our wellbeing.

How do you get the benefits from Strength Training? 
The American College of Sports Medicine has issued some simple advice: it says that adults should perform strength exercises on all major muscle groups – legs, hips, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders and arms – at least twice a week. That advice comes from evidence that your first workout of the week will give you the most benefit compared to nothing at all. Your second workout will give a bit more benefit, as will the third, but then the results will plateau.

If you want to start incorporating strength training into a fitness program, you need some guidance and motivation, contact me for a free consultation.

Reference
Why exercise is the best medicine (2020), New Scientist essential guide Human Health, New Scientist Ltd 

By MATTHEW ALLEWAY April 11, 2024
Introduction: 8 months ago, I was contacted by a lady as follows: “I'm looking to find a suitable trainer for my best friend and husba nd who live locally in Reigate and are both new to exercise in their 40s, needing to lose weight, change their lifestyle and kickstart their fitness journeys. They would like to train as a couple as they have the same goals (weight loss, injury prevention, both totally new to any kind of exercise, need to protect dodgy knees). The lady turned out to be a very good friend of clients C and A who I subsequently contacted, and we went from there. 1. Goal Setting: I then met with C and A over a coffee to confirm their goals. Which were both to get to a healthy weight, then maintain that, build strength, gain some gym confidence, increase their energy levels, and to get a fitness habit going. Their most significant goal was the realisation that they needed improve their health so they could be around for their kids. 2. Assessment: To get started, I asked some more questions on their fitness background, lifestyle and nutrition habits. C use to do ballet as a child, and A has played rugby and football, and has had knee problems from two ACL injuries on the same leg, resulting in surgery. I took some basic measurements using body composition scales to set a baseline. I then completed a functional movement assessment in the gym, that use for all my new clients. Using Cook and Burtons Functional Movement Screen. This captures seven key fundamental movement tests that require a balance of mobility and stability. This is to observe their ability to perform basic mobility and stability movements by placing clients in positions were weakness, imbalances, limitations can be determined. 3. Training Plan: Fr om their assessment I designed their training program, phase 1 being to build a solid fitness foundation. We started with one in person strength and conditioning training session per week, starting with mobility work, then exercises to strengthen the full body, including core specific exercises, plus conditioning work (Including interval training) to improve cardiovascular health and power. Finishing with static stretching to improve their flexibility. The style of training was functional fitness that supports and mimics everyday life. It includes movements such as pushing, pulling, bending, squatting, twisting, reaching, lunging, and core. From phase 1, I continued to progress their program from a mixture of body weight exercises and free weights e.g. dumbbells, kettlebells, to where we are today and now comfortably using barbells. My training plans have a strong emphasis on progression, good form, and technique to ensure the client is safe and doesn’t encounter unnecessary soreness or worse injury. 4. Nutrition and lifestyle Plan: I provided a self-learning healthy lifestyle course. Comprised of four phases as below. The emphasis on eating a balanced healthy diet, taking an overall pragmatic approach, and in addition ensuring other key factors e.g. including daily movement, sufficient sleep, and water consumption. Phase 1: Calories and Tracking Phase 2: Nutritional Balance Phase 3: Good and bad Food? Phase 4: Movement, Sleep & Water I provided both C and A with daily calorie targets calculated based on their basal metabolic rate and average exercise activity, and finally a sensible calorie deficit. In addition, I also calculated a daily protein target. They used the user-friendly App. Nutracheck to help track calories. The emphasis being to reward good behaviour. In addition, C worked on her cardio fitness in spin classes and my run strong couch to 5k program. A worked on increasing his daily movement, patiently listening to me constantly talking about steps! 5. Implementation: I modified the program at the beginning to minimise the impact and stress on A’s knee, so for the lower body less squatting and lunging movements and more focus on hinge movements. My training sessions are based on 6-week cycles to ensure consistency and progress with the exercise. Then training sessions were updated based on their progress and my ongoing movement assessments during a session. Client feedback from regular reviews to discuss goals and progress was built into each training cycle e.g. both asked to go a bit heavier with their weights, which is feedback I love to hear, as its not me pushing the client, there pushing themselves. 6. Monitoring and Progress Tracking: I track the weekly training metrics such as sets, reps, weight, and time, to ensure gradual progression. We measured weight every 2 weeks, informally, and not obsessively to track progress. We discussed, defined, and tracked habits in our regular catch ups outside of the gym. 7. Challenges and Solutions: Time challenges were what you would expect for a busy professional couple with two children to care for. Personal Training is a partnership and collaboration between personal trainer and client, and flexibility on both sides ensured consistent training. Life events presented a challenge, for example during the Christmas period exercise and calorie counting was slightly put on hold, resulting in a slight increase in weight. I was not concerned about this at all and was pleased that they both relaxed with their family and enjoyed Christmas. Straight after this they had the discipline to get back on track. 8. Results: Results have been incredible! Both C and A are getting stronger and fitter every week. They’re now very comfortably performing advanced exercises. A’s strength has improved considerably, performing exercises with excellent form with barbells. He’s considerably more flexible, and his cardiovascular ability has gone from very out of breath to easily performing a 1000m row in under 5 mins. Consequently, he has much more energy in and out of the gym. C, like A has improved considerably in all areas of strength, flexibility, and cardio. She has fully embraced the exercise habit, as well as our sessions she attends spin and yoga classes, and is very confident in the gym. She also finds a notable difference in managing stress and sleeping much better than before she started. I’ve left weight loss to last because this is the positive side effect of a healthy fitness program. But it’s been amazing, A has lost 20kg and C 9kg . The below graphs shows how they have lost weight slowly but consistently over time. Taking this long-term approach means habits are fully formed, and are sustainable.
By MATTHEW ALLEWAY September 22, 2022
Introduction It’s been almost a year since the infamous 35th edition of the MdS. So, I thought it would be timely, now the sand has settled, to give my perspective on the race challenges, my experience as a completer, what got me to the finish, why I loved every minute, and how for me it was life changing. The notorious MDS 35th Edition! Every edition of the MdS is special and has its own unique challenges, anyone that completes is amazing. It takes months of research, training, planning, organisation. You invest a lot financially to take part, so the cost barriers prevent a lot of people from taking part. However, once you’re in, the Mds is a great leveller! It counts for nothing what you’ve paid, you can have the best kit, hire a coach, sit in a heat chamber for 6 months, have the most expensive watch, but no one can do it for you, and when shit happens, you’re on your own. On the 35th edition this was never more apparent! October 2021 was unique in that due to COVID the event was scheduled and then subsequently cancelled three times before it eventually took place in October. Prior to this many dropped out rescheduling or requesting refunds. I trained four times in all for the event, so when I got to Morocco in October, I felt nothing but incredibly privileged to be there and there was no way I wasn’t completing. Secondly, it was extremely hot, well it is in the Sahara desert, so you would expect that! However, the temperatures were up to 42 degrees, so it was hotter than normal. I was in fact incredibly pleased, I thought that means I can say I completed the hottest very edition of the MdS! Finally, shit really did happen in 2021. A bug swept through the camp and hit everyone from competitors to the organisers, I only spoke to one person that didn’t experience the dreaded vomiting and diarrhoea. My experience in the field The first stage My first experience of the bug was in the first stage, I saw someone vomiting remarkably close to the start, and then I started having that sicky feeling. I continued trying to convince myself it was just in my head. This was further exacerbated by the boiling drinking water and salt tablets combination. Eventually, I succumbed and was sick several times. I managed to get to the end not feeling great, but enough in the tank to get over the line. This was only the beginning and these factors contributed to a rapid drop out of competitors. The second stage The second stage was the notorious sand dunes focused stage which includes a long and brutal stretch of dunes lasting 13km. I absolutely loved this stage, I managed to complete sick free, and was feeling good. However, the atmosphere in the camp was by now vastly different, a tragic death hit everyone hard, and the dropout rate was soaring, in my own tent alone a few didn’t finish and had dropped out. The Third stage Next was Stage 3 and I started with no problems. However, about 10k from the finish, the sickness returned. After a lot of vomiting, I got to the end. Unable to hold anything down and with the extreme heat, I was severely dehydrated. Keeping my after stage routine, I staggered to the famous Doc Trotters tent to clean up my feet, then send some emails to home, and noticing a very full medic tent. My mouth was drying up every few seconds, and I was struggling to drink water. After trying to eat I was quickly sick, so at 6pm I got in my sleeping bag, frequently sipping water, and then once it got dark, drinking bigger gulps as the water cooled and I started to feel better. As I lay there, more people were dropping out, in my tent we were now down to just three. I certainly wasn’t the only one who wasn’t feeling good, all night you could hear people vomiting and quickly getting out of their tents for a hasty toilet break in the sand. The Long Day The next morning I managed to eat a little dried mango. Not really great preparation for the stage 4 long day consisting of 50+ miles of sand dunes and a mountain thrown in for fun! Still there was no way I was stopping, just wasn’t sure how I was going to do it! Getting to the first couple of water stations were very tough, the heat was intense being the hottest part of the day and I was running on fumes or to be more precise dried mango!. Reaching the second checkpoint was something I will never forget. I lay in a tent, desperately sipping water, surrounded by people doing the same thing. It was like a war zone, not really what you expect for an ultra-run. We could all barely speak, everyone was resting and had been sick, however there was a shared togetherness and gallows humour. As well as lifting my mood, observing everyone gave me a real insight into resilience and how people react when things really are tough. I managed to drink plenty of water, adding some Tailwind in as well, and things started to pick up, approaching the next stage I started to think of food for the first time, and then when I arrived, I managed to eat a tin of mackerel, which tasted like heaven. I knew then I was back, as the stage went on it got even better as we got to night, as the sun went down the water was for the first time cooler. Finish! I finished the long stage and then went on to complete the final 5th stage. I was very proud to finish, especially as out of the 672 who started, I was one of only 353 who finished. In my tent we started with eight and only two of us completed. What got me to the finish As I’ve already alluded to, I was only ever going to finish. There was no way I was coming home without completing, and I never stopped believing this. I had also accepted it was going to be tough, it’s the MdS, it's hard, that's why I signed up, it was also going to be hot, it’s in the desert! I was going to be self-sufficient, and no one owed me anything. The organisers are brilliant, but they make no secret of that. They provide the water but you carry your own toilet paper, medical supplies, food, kit, sleep in a tent, and you get on with it. In my tent from the two of us that completed. I knew I would complete, and I knew Ali my fellow completer would complete from the moment I met him. Behind his calm smiley persona, I could see a quiet determination and steely resilience. My resilience comes from my background, growing up in a dysfunctional family on a tough council estate, meant that nothing was going to shock me or scare me. I knew when it got tough I could ‘dial up a demon’ or two as I like to call it. The voices from the past that said I couldn’t do it, powered me on when I was sick and staggering through sand dunes. Adversity either breaks you or it makes you strong! Why I loved every minute It was tough, but you have to get things in perspective, if you chose to do an event billed as the toughest foot race in the world you have to accept what comes with it. Not everyone is fortunate enough to be able to enter the MdS. If your lucky enough to be able to do the MdS remind yourself your one of the lucky few. Life after the MdS? A lot of people talk about how the MdS was life changing and it was certainly the case for me. I was an experienced runner, triathlete, and had done a few ultras and ironman etc before the MdS. When I started, I was an executive working in London. It transformed how I trained, combining running with strength training, and my diet. During the time from when I signed up to when I finished, I switched careers and qualified as a personal trainer and running coach. I now run my own fitness business. Just like in the MdS I’m my own boss now! If you need help with completing the MdS please contact me for my MdS completer coaching package
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